poniedziałek, 24 lipca 2017
wtorek, 18 lipca 2017
poniedziałek, 17 lipca 2017
Dzień kaźni Carskich Męczenników
EMPEROR NICHOLAS II, HIS FAMILY AND SERVANTS WAS EXECUTED
Around midnight 17 July 1918, Yakov Yurovsky, the commandant of The House of Special Purpose, ordered the Romanovs' physician, Dr. Eugene Botkin, to awaken the sleeping family and ask them to put on their clothes, under the pretext that the family would be moved to a safe location due to impending chaos in Yekaterinburg. The Romanovs were then ordered into a 6 m × 5 m (20 ft × 16 ft) semi-basement room. Nicholas asked if Yurovsky could bring two chairs, on which Tsarevich Alexei and Alexandra sat. The prisoners were told to wait in the cellar room while the truck that would transport them was being brought to the House. A few minutes later, an execution squad was brought in and Yurovsky read aloud the order given to him by the Ural Executive Committee:
Nikolai Alexandrovich, in view of the fact that your relatives are continuing their attack on Soviet Russia, the Ural Executive Committee has decided to execute you. Nicholas, facing his family, turned and said "What? What?"
The Empress and Grand Duchess Olga, according to a guard's reminiscence, had tried to bless themselves, but failed amid the shooting. Yurovsky reportedly raised his Colt gun at Nicholas's torso and fired; Nicholas was the target of all of the assembled shooters, and he quickly fell dead, pierced by many bullets. The intoxicated Peter Ermakov, the military commissar for Verkh-Isetsk, shot and killed Alexandra with a bullet wound to the head. He then shot at Maria, who ran for the double doors, hitting her in the thigh.
The remaining executioners shot chaotically and over each other's shoulders until the room was so filled with smoke and dust that no one could see anything at all in the darkness nor hear any commands amid the noise.
Within minutes, Yurovsky was forced to stop the shooting because of the caustic smoke of burned gunpowder, dust from the plaster ceiling caused by the reverberation of bullets, and the deafening gunshots. When they stopped, the doors were then opened to scatter the smoke. While waiting for the smoke to abate, the killers could hear moans and whimpers inside the room.
The noise of the guns had been heard by households all around, and had awakened many people. The executioners were ordered to proceed with their bayonets, a technique which proved ineffective and meant that the children had to be dispatched by still more gunshots, this time aimed more precisely at their heads. The Tsarevich was the first of the children to be executed. Yurovsky watched in disbelief as Nikulin spent an entire clip of bullets from his Browning gun on Alexei, who was still seated transfixed in his chair. The last to die were Tatiana, Anastasia, and Maria, who were carrying a few pounds (over 1.3 kilograms) of diamonds sewn into their clothing, which had given them a degree of protection from the firing.
The execution lasted about 20 minutes, Yurovsky later admitting to Nikulin's "poor mastery of his weapon and inevitable nerves".
Only Alexei's spaniel Joy survived to be rescued by a British officer of the Allied Intervention Force, living out his final days in Windsor, Berkshire.
Alexandre Beloborodov sent a coded telegram to Lenin's secretary, Nikolai Gorbunov. It was found by White investigator Nikolai Sokolov and reads:
Inform Sverdlov the whole family have shared the same fate as the head. Officially the family will die at the evacuation.
niedziela, 16 lipca 2017
czwartek, 13 lipca 2017
God's Anointed Sufferer Tsar-Martyr Nicholas II
http://www.roca.org/OA/14/14c.htm
The battle against Tsar Nicholas II was clearly bound up with the battle against God and faith . . . He became a Martyr, having remained faithful to the Ruler of those who rule, and accepted death in the same way as the martyrs accepted it.
Archbishop John Maximovitch
Very soon after Russia accepted the seed of the Gospel (in the year 988) her soil was sanctified by the blood of martyrs. The pure young sons of Grand Duke Vladimir, Boris and Gleb, accepted death at the hands of a political assassin in order to save their people from civil war and terrible upheaval. They became sufferers for righteousness (I Peter 3:14); being conformed to the innocent suffering of Christ, they became true "Passion-Bearers.
As in the beginning of Holy Russia, so at the end: it pleased God to reveal Himself to the Russian people through the innocent suffering of Saints Boris and Gleb; now, in these latter times, He has again unveiled Himself through the purifying suffering of a Tsar, the Anointed of God and supreme Protector of Christ's Church in Russia, Nicholas II.
Western writers do not understand Orthodox monarchy. And because America rebelled against the King of England; Americans in particular have no sympathy for the idea of Monarchy. Indeed, it is almost a sacred tradition to applaud any nation that "comes to its senses" and overthrows its king! The Tsars of Russia are viewed in this same man- centered rather than God-centered light.
But; in Orthodox Russia there once existed a society composed not of "church and state" (such as existed in medieval Europe) but of "government and priesthood"-a holy commonwealth. The Tsar was never placed outside the Church or "above the law," but always
within the Church and subject to the law of Christ. He was very much the "servant of the Gospel": he was required to live by it and rule by it in order to be worthy of the blessings of God upon himself, his family, and his nation. Such a righteous Father to his people was the last Tsar, Nicholas II. And now, in this year of grace, 1981, in spite of more than 60 years of Marxist deception, it pleases God to reveal Nicholas and those that suffered with him, to the Church and to the whole world (if only the world will hear it!).
Blessed Archbishop John Maximovitch has written: "Why was Tsar Nicholas II persecuted, slandered and killed? Because he was Tsar, Tsar by the Grace of God. He was the bearer and incarnation of the Orthodox world view that the Tsar is the servant of God, the Anointed of God, and that to Him he must give an account for the people entrusted to him by destiny..."
In Orthodox teaching, Tsar Nicholas was the last representative of lawful Christian authority in the world, the last one to restrain the mystery of iniquity (2 Thess. 2:27). (And, indeed, from the time of his martyrdom can be dated the unprecedented lawlessness, godlessness, and apostasy of this final age: the complete unleashing of the forces of darkness, which now threaten to complete ly engulf the world as a preparation for the reign of Antichrist.)
An Orthodox monarch receives his authority from God, but by what means and in what manner does it come to him? Authority to govern in the Name of God and perform the highest earthly ministry descends upon a Tsar in the Sacrament of Anointing, at the time of his coronation. After the crowning he is told that "this visible and material adornment of thy head is to thee a manifest sign that the King of Glory, Christ, invisibly crowneth thee." The Anointing takes place after the reading of the Gospel in Divine Liturgy. The chief hierarch anoints the Tsar with Holy Chrism on the brow, eyes, nostrils, lips, ears, breast, and hands, saying each time: "The Seal of the Gift of the Holy Spirit."
Thus, Nicholas II received his authority through a Sacrament. The Holy Spirit was upon him! "By rejecting the Tsar, the people blasphemed the Sacrament and trampled upon the grace of God"
{Illustratted History of the Russian Peop1e).
In 1917 Metropolitan Macarius of Moscow saw in a vision the Saviour speaking to Tsar Nicholas: "You see," said the Lord, "two cups in my hands: one is bitter for your people, and the other is sweet for you." In the vision the Tsar begged for the bitter cup. The Saviour then took a large glowing coal from the cup and put it in the Tsar's hands. The Tsar's whole body then began to grow light, until he was shining like a radiant spirit. Then the vision changed to a field of flowers, in the middle of which Nicholas was distributing manna to a multitude of people. A voice spoke: "The Tsar has taken the guilt of the Russian people upon himself and the Russian people is forgiven." Nicholas him self once said: "Perhaps an expiatory sacrifice is needed for Russia's salvation. I will be that sacrifice. May God's will be done!
He had a very strong sense of his destiny as an Orthodox ruler. Although he had an opportunity to flee the country with his family and seek refuge outside Russia, he and his Empress deliberately chose to stay and accept whatever awaited them. He had been born on the feast of the Prophet Job and because of this he often remarked to his advisors: "I have a secret conviction that I am destined for a terrible trial, that I shall not receive my reward on this earth." No wonder that our Russian Bishops Abroad wrote (in 1968): "Job the Much-Suffering, on the day of whose commemoration the Tsar was born, said in his grievous suffering, concerning the day of his conception: 'As for that night, let darkness seize upon it; let it not be joined unto the days of the year" (Job 3:6). Terrible was the night of the mur der of the Tsar"!
On that unspeakable night, "the prisoners were all in a deep sleep when they were awakened and ordered to dress in order to leave the city.... The Imperial Family descended to the basement where the Sovereign sat down, with his ill son, on a chair in the middle of the room. The Duchesses, the doctor, and three dedicated servants were seated around him. Every one was waiting for the signal to depart. At the executioner's announcement (which stunned all the prisoners) of the impending execution, the Empress succeeded in crossing herself. She was killed instantly, together with the Sovereign. God spared them from hearing the groans of the Tsarevitch and the cries of the wounded Grand Duchess Anastasia. The first bullets did not bring death to the youngest ones and they were savagely killed with blows of bayonets and gun-butts and with shots at point-blank range. The imost
innocent and ho1y had suffered the greatest torture"? (Illustrated Russian History).
In the words of Fr. Dimitry.Dudko, one of the first of that wave of modern confessors to speak out against the betrayal of the Church in Russia: "The Tsar is a saint and, moreover, one of the greatest saints. O great saint of Russia, Great-Martyr Nicholas, pray to God for us!"
"St. Seraphim prophesied in clear words about the tragic fate foreordained by God for the Tsar who would be present at the Sarov solemnity of faith, when there would be Pascha in the midst of summer (the glorification of St. Seraphim in 1903). According to his prophecy, if there would be repentance in the Russian people, God would yet have mercy on her, but first He would allow for a time the triumph of lawless men: the Tsar would be overthrown and killed, so that the people might know in experience what life was like under the Tsar anointed by God, and under the rule of men who have trampled underfoot the law of God. St Seraphim, by revelation from God, wrote in his own hand a letter to the Tsar who would come to Sarov and Diveyevo, entrusting it to his friend Motovilov, who gave it to Abbess Maria, who in turn handed it personally to Emperor Nicholas II in Diveyevo on July 20, 1903. What was written in the letter remains a secret, but one can suppose that the holy elder saw all that was to happen and warned against the frightful events to come...
(Abbot Seraphim, Peking, 1920, in
Orthodox Russia, 1981, No.1)
The battle against Tsar Nicholas II was clearly bound up with the battle against God and faith . . . He became a Martyr, having remained faithful to the Ruler of those who rule, and accepted death in the same way as the martyrs accepted it.
Archbishop John Maximovitch
Very soon after Russia accepted the seed of the Gospel (in the year 988) her soil was sanctified by the blood of martyrs. The pure young sons of Grand Duke Vladimir, Boris and Gleb, accepted death at the hands of a political assassin in order to save their people from civil war and terrible upheaval. They became sufferers for righteousness (I Peter 3:14); being conformed to the innocent suffering of Christ, they became true "Passion-Bearers.
As in the beginning of Holy Russia, so at the end: it pleased God to reveal Himself to the Russian people through the innocent suffering of Saints Boris and Gleb; now, in these latter times, He has again unveiled Himself through the purifying suffering of a Tsar, the Anointed of God and supreme Protector of Christ's Church in Russia, Nicholas II.
Western writers do not understand Orthodox monarchy. And because America rebelled against the King of England; Americans in particular have no sympathy for the idea of Monarchy. Indeed, it is almost a sacred tradition to applaud any nation that "comes to its senses" and overthrows its king! The Tsars of Russia are viewed in this same man- centered rather than God-centered light.
But; in Orthodox Russia there once existed a society composed not of "church and state" (such as existed in medieval Europe) but of "government and priesthood"-a holy commonwealth. The Tsar was never placed outside the Church or "above the law," but always
within the Church and subject to the law of Christ. He was very much the "servant of the Gospel": he was required to live by it and rule by it in order to be worthy of the blessings of God upon himself, his family, and his nation. Such a righteous Father to his people was the last Tsar, Nicholas II. And now, in this year of grace, 1981, in spite of more than 60 years of Marxist deception, it pleases God to reveal Nicholas and those that suffered with him, to the Church and to the whole world (if only the world will hear it!).
Blessed Archbishop John Maximovitch has written: "Why was Tsar Nicholas II persecuted, slandered and killed? Because he was Tsar, Tsar by the Grace of God. He was the bearer and incarnation of the Orthodox world view that the Tsar is the servant of God, the Anointed of God, and that to Him he must give an account for the people entrusted to him by destiny..."
In Orthodox teaching, Tsar Nicholas was the last representative of lawful Christian authority in the world, the last one to restrain the mystery of iniquity (2 Thess. 2:27). (And, indeed, from the time of his martyrdom can be dated the unprecedented lawlessness, godlessness, and apostasy of this final age: the complete unleashing of the forces of darkness, which now threaten to complete ly engulf the world as a preparation for the reign of Antichrist.)
An Orthodox monarch receives his authority from God, but by what means and in what manner does it come to him? Authority to govern in the Name of God and perform the highest earthly ministry descends upon a Tsar in the Sacrament of Anointing, at the time of his coronation. After the crowning he is told that "this visible and material adornment of thy head is to thee a manifest sign that the King of Glory, Christ, invisibly crowneth thee." The Anointing takes place after the reading of the Gospel in Divine Liturgy. The chief hierarch anoints the Tsar with Holy Chrism on the brow, eyes, nostrils, lips, ears, breast, and hands, saying each time: "The Seal of the Gift of the Holy Spirit."
Thus, Nicholas II received his authority through a Sacrament. The Holy Spirit was upon him! "By rejecting the Tsar, the people blasphemed the Sacrament and trampled upon the grace of God"
{Illustratted History of the Russian Peop1e).
In 1917 Metropolitan Macarius of Moscow saw in a vision the Saviour speaking to Tsar Nicholas: "You see," said the Lord, "two cups in my hands: one is bitter for your people, and the other is sweet for you." In the vision the Tsar begged for the bitter cup. The Saviour then took a large glowing coal from the cup and put it in the Tsar's hands. The Tsar's whole body then began to grow light, until he was shining like a radiant spirit. Then the vision changed to a field of flowers, in the middle of which Nicholas was distributing manna to a multitude of people. A voice spoke: "The Tsar has taken the guilt of the Russian people upon himself and the Russian people is forgiven." Nicholas him self once said: "Perhaps an expiatory sacrifice is needed for Russia's salvation. I will be that sacrifice. May God's will be done!
He had a very strong sense of his destiny as an Orthodox ruler. Although he had an opportunity to flee the country with his family and seek refuge outside Russia, he and his Empress deliberately chose to stay and accept whatever awaited them. He had been born on the feast of the Prophet Job and because of this he often remarked to his advisors: "I have a secret conviction that I am destined for a terrible trial, that I shall not receive my reward on this earth." No wonder that our Russian Bishops Abroad wrote (in 1968): "Job the Much-Suffering, on the day of whose commemoration the Tsar was born, said in his grievous suffering, concerning the day of his conception: 'As for that night, let darkness seize upon it; let it not be joined unto the days of the year" (Job 3:6). Terrible was the night of the mur der of the Tsar"!
On that unspeakable night, "the prisoners were all in a deep sleep when they were awakened and ordered to dress in order to leave the city.... The Imperial Family descended to the basement where the Sovereign sat down, with his ill son, on a chair in the middle of the room. The Duchesses, the doctor, and three dedicated servants were seated around him. Every one was waiting for the signal to depart. At the executioner's announcement (which stunned all the prisoners) of the impending execution, the Empress succeeded in crossing herself. She was killed instantly, together with the Sovereign. God spared them from hearing the groans of the Tsarevitch and the cries of the wounded Grand Duchess Anastasia. The first bullets did not bring death to the youngest ones and they were savagely killed with blows of bayonets and gun-butts and with shots at point-blank range. The imost
innocent and ho1y had suffered the greatest torture"? (Illustrated Russian History).
In the words of Fr. Dimitry.Dudko, one of the first of that wave of modern confessors to speak out against the betrayal of the Church in Russia: "The Tsar is a saint and, moreover, one of the greatest saints. O great saint of Russia, Great-Martyr Nicholas, pray to God for us!"
"St. Seraphim prophesied in clear words about the tragic fate foreordained by God for the Tsar who would be present at the Sarov solemnity of faith, when there would be Pascha in the midst of summer (the glorification of St. Seraphim in 1903). According to his prophecy, if there would be repentance in the Russian people, God would yet have mercy on her, but first He would allow for a time the triumph of lawless men: the Tsar would be overthrown and killed, so that the people might know in experience what life was like under the Tsar anointed by God, and under the rule of men who have trampled underfoot the law of God. St Seraphim, by revelation from God, wrote in his own hand a letter to the Tsar who would come to Sarov and Diveyevo, entrusting it to his friend Motovilov, who gave it to Abbess Maria, who in turn handed it personally to Emperor Nicholas II in Diveyevo on July 20, 1903. What was written in the letter remains a secret, but one can suppose that the holy elder saw all that was to happen and warned against the frightful events to come...
(Abbot Seraphim, Peking, 1920, in
Orthodox Russia, 1981, No.1)
środa, 5 lipca 2017
100 lat temu..
“He is absolutely stunning, such fortitude of spirit, tho’ he suffers endlessly for his country. How old I am, but I feel like the country’s mother & suffer as if for my own child and love my Homeland despite all the horrors & sins. Despite its black ingratitude to the Sovereign which tears at my heart. Lord have mercy on Russia and save her.”
-Beloved Empress, wife and mother, Alexandra Feodorovna, Sep. 17, 1917
“He is absolutely stunning, such fortitude of spirit, tho’ he suffers endlessly for his country. How old I am, but I feel like the country’s mother & suffer as if for my own child and love my Homeland despite all the horrors & sins. Despite its black ingratitude to the Sovereign which tears at my heart. Lord have mercy on Russia and save her.”
-Beloved Empress, wife and mother, Alexandra Feodorovna, Sep. 17, 1917
wtorek, 4 lipca 2017
Tsar Nicholas II: Peace and International Jurisdiction | Peace Palace Library
Źródło : https://www.peacepalacelibrary.nl/library-special/tsar-nicholas-ii-peace-and-international-jurisdiction/
At the dawn of the 20th century, European nations invested heavily in building professional armies and marine fleets. All experimented with the development of newer and faster weapons that could be used on a wider scale. From the years 1891 to 1919, a real arms race between Germany, France and Russia took place. Specifically, Germany's envy of Britain's superior navy resulted in a costly building competition of Dreadnought -class ships. Unfortunately, one year after the inauguration of the Peace Palace in 1913, World War I broke out.
Against this backdrop, the Russian Tsar Nicholas II took a remarkable initiative. On 24 August 1898, at their weekly reception at the Foreign Office in St. Petersburg, the ambassadors and ministers of the major nations accredited to the Russian Court were presented a written statement to be forwarded to their respective governments. In it, the Tsar invited the governments to join an international conference on peace and disarmament. According to the Tsar, he thought it would be better for the prosperity and progress of mankind if governments sat down and talked and concluded agreements instead of being divided and hostile towards one another.
Initially, his call met with a great deal of disbelieve and scepticism. After all, Nicholas II was one of the many European rulers who were building up their military power. And how noble and great-hearted were the motives really that prompted this autocratic despot and monarch, who never felt the pressure from constitution or parliament, to call for peace? It was only after the United States reacted positively that the Russian initiative gained momentum.
At Russia’s request, The Hague was chosen as the venue for this First Peace Conference. Several reflections may have been taken into consideration. The Netherlands had the right profile. Dutch humanists and jurists like Erasmus, Grotius and Van Bynckershoek had stood at the cradle of international law and the Netherlands had always stayed relatively neutral in European conflicts. Furthermore, The Hague had proven to be a good host city for the 1893 and 1894 conferences of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the Hague Conference on Private International Law. Friedrich Fromhold Martens, diplomat and jurist in service of the Russian Empire, had been very much pleased by the way the Dutch had organized the meetings.
The kinship of the Dutch royal family to the Russian monarchy may conceivably have been of influence in the Tsar’s choice. Young Queen Wilhelmina offered to host the conference at her summer residence in The Hague, the Palace 'Huis ten Bosch', not far from the city centre.
Nicholas and the Peace Palace
The ceremony of the laying of the foundation stone of the Peace Palace was scheduled at the same time as the Second Peace Conference of 1907. The nations represented at the peace conference were asked to contribute to the new to be built ‘Temple of Peace’. Many countries responded positively to this call and donated a work of art or a national product to decorate the building. Tsar Nicholas II donated an impressive vase made of green jasper adorned with gilded ornaments.
In celebration of the First Peace Conference, the Royal Manufacturer of Pottery Rozenburg produced a collection of five Peace Vases richly decorated with Jugendstil ornaments, flowers and leaves. The vases were made for the World Exhibition of 1900 in Paris, where they were admired by many. Until half a century ago, the vases were located in Amsterdam, until it was decided to grant them a special place in the Peace Palace. On
one of these vases ‘N II’ is shown, referring to Czar Nicholas II as the initiator of the peace conference. The last Tsar of Russia is also represented through his portrait in the Small Court Room.
At the dawn of the 20th century, European nations invested heavily in building professional armies and marine fleets. All experimented with the development of newer and faster weapons that could be used on a wider scale. From the years 1891 to 1919, a real arms race between Germany, France and Russia took place. Specifically, Germany's envy of Britain's superior navy resulted in a costly building competition of Dreadnought -class ships. Unfortunately, one year after the inauguration of the Peace Palace in 1913, World War I broke out.
Against this backdrop, the Russian Tsar Nicholas II took a remarkable initiative. On 24 August 1898, at their weekly reception at the Foreign Office in St. Petersburg, the ambassadors and ministers of the major nations accredited to the Russian Court were presented a written statement to be forwarded to their respective governments. In it, the Tsar invited the governments to join an international conference on peace and disarmament. According to the Tsar, he thought it would be better for the prosperity and progress of mankind if governments sat down and talked and concluded agreements instead of being divided and hostile towards one another.
Initially, his call met with a great deal of disbelieve and scepticism. After all, Nicholas II was one of the many European rulers who were building up their military power. And how noble and great-hearted were the motives really that prompted this autocratic despot and monarch, who never felt the pressure from constitution or parliament, to call for peace? It was only after the United States reacted positively that the Russian initiative gained momentum.
At Russia’s request, The Hague was chosen as the venue for this First Peace Conference. Several reflections may have been taken into consideration. The Netherlands had the right profile. Dutch humanists and jurists like Erasmus, Grotius and Van Bynckershoek had stood at the cradle of international law and the Netherlands had always stayed relatively neutral in European conflicts. Furthermore, The Hague had proven to be a good host city for the 1893 and 1894 conferences of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the Hague Conference on Private International Law. Friedrich Fromhold Martens, diplomat and jurist in service of the Russian Empire, had been very much pleased by the way the Dutch had organized the meetings.
The kinship of the Dutch royal family to the Russian monarchy may conceivably have been of influence in the Tsar’s choice. Young Queen Wilhelmina offered to host the conference at her summer residence in The Hague, the Palace 'Huis ten Bosch', not far from the city centre.
Nicholas and the Peace Palace
The ceremony of the laying of the foundation stone of the Peace Palace was scheduled at the same time as the Second Peace Conference of 1907. The nations represented at the peace conference were asked to contribute to the new to be built ‘Temple of Peace’. Many countries responded positively to this call and donated a work of art or a national product to decorate the building. Tsar Nicholas II donated an impressive vase made of green jasper adorned with gilded ornaments.
In celebration of the First Peace Conference, the Royal Manufacturer of Pottery Rozenburg produced a collection of five Peace Vases richly decorated with Jugendstil ornaments, flowers and leaves. The vases were made for the World Exhibition of 1900 in Paris, where they were admired by many. Until half a century ago, the vases were located in Amsterdam, until it was decided to grant them a special place in the Peace Palace. On
one of these vases ‘N II’ is shown, referring to Czar Nicholas II as the initiator of the peace conference. The last Tsar of Russia is also represented through his portrait in the Small Court Room.
poniedziałek, 3 lipca 2017
Historia malarki - siostry Imperatora.
http://www.kulturologia.ru/blogs/030717/35144/
Źródło : http://www.kulturologia.ru/blogs/030717/35144/
Александровна Романова была младшей дочерью императора Александра III и сестрой императора Николая II. Однако она известна не только своим знатным происхождением, но и активной благотворительной деятельностью и живописным талантом. Ей удалось избежать страшной участи, постигшей ее брата и его семью, – после революции она осталась жива и выехала за рубеж. Однако жизнь в эмиграции была далеко не безоблачной: какое-то время картины были для нее единственным средством к существованию.
Ольга Александровна родилась в 1882 г. и была единственным багрянородным ребенком – то есть появившимся на свет в то время, когда ее отец уже был царствующим монархом. Очень рано у Ольги проявился талант художницы. Она вспоминала: «Даже во время уроков географии и арифметики мне разрешалось сидеть с карандашом в руке, потому что я лучше слушала, когда рисовала кукурузу или дикие цветы». Рисованию в царской семье обучали всех детей, но только Ольга Александровна начала заниматься живописью профессионально. Ее учителями стали Маковский и Виноградов. Княжна не любила шумной столичной жизни и светских развлечений, и вместо балов предпочитала проводить время за этюдами.
С ранних лет Ольга Романова занималась и благотворительностью: в Гатчинском дворце устраивали вернисажи, на которых были представлены ее работы и картины молодых художников, а деньги, вырученные от их продажи, шли на благотворительные цели. В годы Первой мировой войны она на свои средства оборудовала госпиталь, в который пошла работать простой сестрой милосердия.
В 18 лет по воле матери Ольга Александровна вышла замуж за принца Ольденбургского. Брак не был счастливым, так как муж, как тогда говорили, «не интересовался дамами», да к тому же был пьяницей и картежником: в первые же годы после свадьбы он спустил в игорных домах миллион золотых рублей. Великая княгиня признавалась: «Мы прожили с ним под одной крышей 15 лет, но так и не стали мужем и женой, принц Ольденбургский и я ни разу не состояли в супружеских отношениях».
Через 2 года после свадьбы Ольга Александровна познакомилась с офицером Николаем Куликовским. Это была любовь с первого взгляда. Она захотела развестись с мужем, но семья была против, и влюбленным пришлось ожидать возможности сочетаться брачными узами долгих 13 лет. Их свадьба состоялась в 1916 г. Тогда же Ольга Александровна в последний раз видела своего брата, императора Николая II.
Когда в 1918 г. английский король Георг V прислал за своей тетей (императрицей Марией Федоровной) военный корабль, Куликовские отказались ехать вместе с ними и отправились на Кубань, но через два года Ольге Александровне с мужем и сыновьями все же пришлось отправиться в Данию вслед за матерью. «Мне не верилось, что я покидаю родину навсегда. Я была уверена, что еще вернусь, – вспоминала Ольга Александровна. – У меня было чувство, что мое бегство было малодушным поступком, хотя я пришла к этому решению ради своих малолетних детей. И все-таки меня постоянно мучил стыд».
В 1920-1940-х гг. картины стали для сестры императора серьезным подспорьем и средством к существованию. Старший сын Куликовских Тихон вспоминал: «Великая княгиня стала почетной председательницей ряда эмигрантских организаций, главным образом благотворительных. Тогда же был оценен ее художественный талант и она стала выставлять свои картины не только в Дании, но и в Париже, Лондоне, и Берлине. Значительная часть вырученных денег шла на благотворительность. Иконы, написанные ею, в продажу не поступали – она их только дарила».
В эмиграции ее дом стал настоящим центром датской русской колонии, куда могли обратиться за помощью соотечественники великой княгини, вне зависимости от своих политических убеждений. После войны это вызвало негативную реакцию со стороны СССР, от датских властей требовали выдачи великой княгини, обвиняя ее в пособничестве «врагам народа».
Поэтому в 1948 г. их семье пришлось эмигрировать в Канаду, где они и провели свои последние годы. Там Ольга Александровна продолжала заниматься живописью, которую никогда не оставляла ни при каких обстоятельствах. За всю жизнь она написала более 2000 картин.
Великая княгиня Ольга Александровна скончалась в 1960 г., в возрасте 78 лет, пережив своего мужа на 2 года и на 7 месяцев – свою старшую сестру, которой в эмиграции тоже пришлось нелегко.
Źródło : http://www.kulturologia.ru/blogs/030717/35144/
Александровна Романова была младшей дочерью императора Александра III и сестрой императора Николая II. Однако она известна не только своим знатным происхождением, но и активной благотворительной деятельностью и живописным талантом. Ей удалось избежать страшной участи, постигшей ее брата и его семью, – после революции она осталась жива и выехала за рубеж. Однако жизнь в эмиграции была далеко не безоблачной: какое-то время картины были для нее единственным средством к существованию.
Ольга Александровна родилась в 1882 г. и была единственным багрянородным ребенком – то есть появившимся на свет в то время, когда ее отец уже был царствующим монархом. Очень рано у Ольги проявился талант художницы. Она вспоминала: «Даже во время уроков географии и арифметики мне разрешалось сидеть с карандашом в руке, потому что я лучше слушала, когда рисовала кукурузу или дикие цветы». Рисованию в царской семье обучали всех детей, но только Ольга Александровна начала заниматься живописью профессионально. Ее учителями стали Маковский и Виноградов. Княжна не любила шумной столичной жизни и светских развлечений, и вместо балов предпочитала проводить время за этюдами.
С ранних лет Ольга Романова занималась и благотворительностью: в Гатчинском дворце устраивали вернисажи, на которых были представлены ее работы и картины молодых художников, а деньги, вырученные от их продажи, шли на благотворительные цели. В годы Первой мировой войны она на свои средства оборудовала госпиталь, в который пошла работать простой сестрой милосердия.
В 18 лет по воле матери Ольга Александровна вышла замуж за принца Ольденбургского. Брак не был счастливым, так как муж, как тогда говорили, «не интересовался дамами», да к тому же был пьяницей и картежником: в первые же годы после свадьбы он спустил в игорных домах миллион золотых рублей. Великая княгиня признавалась: «Мы прожили с ним под одной крышей 15 лет, но так и не стали мужем и женой, принц Ольденбургский и я ни разу не состояли в супружеских отношениях».
Через 2 года после свадьбы Ольга Александровна познакомилась с офицером Николаем Куликовским. Это была любовь с первого взгляда. Она захотела развестись с мужем, но семья была против, и влюбленным пришлось ожидать возможности сочетаться брачными узами долгих 13 лет. Их свадьба состоялась в 1916 г. Тогда же Ольга Александровна в последний раз видела своего брата, императора Николая II.
Когда в 1918 г. английский король Георг V прислал за своей тетей (императрицей Марией Федоровной) военный корабль, Куликовские отказались ехать вместе с ними и отправились на Кубань, но через два года Ольге Александровне с мужем и сыновьями все же пришлось отправиться в Данию вслед за матерью. «Мне не верилось, что я покидаю родину навсегда. Я была уверена, что еще вернусь, – вспоминала Ольга Александровна. – У меня было чувство, что мое бегство было малодушным поступком, хотя я пришла к этому решению ради своих малолетних детей. И все-таки меня постоянно мучил стыд».
В 1920-1940-х гг. картины стали для сестры императора серьезным подспорьем и средством к существованию. Старший сын Куликовских Тихон вспоминал: «Великая княгиня стала почетной председательницей ряда эмигрантских организаций, главным образом благотворительных. Тогда же был оценен ее художественный талант и она стала выставлять свои картины не только в Дании, но и в Париже, Лондоне, и Берлине. Значительная часть вырученных денег шла на благотворительность. Иконы, написанные ею, в продажу не поступали – она их только дарила».
В эмиграции ее дом стал настоящим центром датской русской колонии, куда могли обратиться за помощью соотечественники великой княгини, вне зависимости от своих политических убеждений. После войны это вызвало негативную реакцию со стороны СССР, от датских властей требовали выдачи великой княгини, обвиняя ее в пособничестве «врагам народа».
Поэтому в 1948 г. их семье пришлось эмигрировать в Канаду, где они и провели свои последние годы. Там Ольга Александровна продолжала заниматься живописью, которую никогда не оставляла ни при каких обстоятельствах. За всю жизнь она написала более 2000 картин.
Великая княгиня Ольга Александровна скончалась в 1960 г., в возрасте 78 лет, пережив своего мужа на 2 года и на 7 месяцев – свою старшую сестру, которой в эмиграции тоже пришлось нелегко.
niedziela, 2 lipca 2017
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